骨科英文书籍精读（323）｜膝关节脱位的并发症
中国十大名师之一赖世雄老师说过，学习英语没有捷径，少就是多，快就是慢。不要以量取胜，把一个音标、一个单词、一段对话、一篇文章彻底搞透，慢慢积累，你会发现，你并不比每天走马观花的输入大量英文学的差。
Complications
EARLY
Arterial damage
Popliteal artery damage occurs in nearly 20 per cent of patients and needs immediate repair. Delay and an extended warm ischaemic period can result in amputation.
Nerve injury
The lateral popliteal nerve may be injured. Spontaneous recovery is possible if the nerve is not completely disrupted – about 20 per cent of patients can be expected to improve. If nerve conduction studies or clinical examination shows no sign of recovery, a transfer of tibialis posterior tendon through the interosseous membrane to the lateral cuneiform may help restore ankle dorsiflexion.
LATE
Joint instability
Anteroposterior glide or a lateral wobble often remains but, provided the quadriceps muscle is sufficiently powerful, the disability is not severe.
Stiffness
Loss of movement, due to prolonged immobilization, is a common problem and may be even more troublesome than instability. Even with early surgical reconstruction, normal knee function is elusive.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
Delay and an extended warm ischaemic period can result in amputation.延迟和延长热缺血期会导致截肢。
nerve conduction神经传导
tibialis posterior tendon胫后肌腱
interosseous membrane小腿骨间膜；前臂骨间膜
lateral cuneiform外侧楔状骨
cuneiform/ˈkjuːnɪfɔːrm/adj. 楔形文字的；楔形的；楔状骨的n. 楔形文字；楔状骨
Anteroposterior glide or a lateral wobble often remains前后滑动或横向摆动经常保留
glide /ɡlaɪd/vi. 滑翔；滑行；悄悄地走；消逝vt. 使滑行；使滑动n. 滑翔；滑行；滑移；滑音
wobble /ˈwɑːbl/vi. 摇晃；摇摆；游移不定n. 摆动；摇晃；不稳定
normal knee function is elusive。正常的膝关节功能也难以实现
elusive /ɪˈluːsɪv/adj. 难懂的；易忘的；逃避的；难捉摸的
有道翻译（仅供参考，建议自己翻译）：
并发症
早期并发症
动脉损伤
腘动脉损伤发生在近20%的患者中，需要立即修复。
延迟和延长热缺血期可导致截肢。
神经损伤
腘外侧神经可能受损。如果神经没有被完全破坏，自然恢复是可能的——大约20%的患者可以预期病情会好转。如果神经传导研究或临床检查显示没有恢复的迹象，通过骨间膜将胫骨后肌腱转移到外侧楔形骨可能有助于恢复踝关节背屈。
晚期并发症
关节不稳定
前后滑动或外侧摆动常保留，但只要股四头肌足够有力，残疾并不严重。
关节僵硬
由于长时间的固定而导致的行动丧失是一个常见的问题，甚至可能比不稳定更麻烦。即使进行早期手术重建，正常的膝关节功能也难以实现。