无人相陪伴，唯有机器人
While standing next to Samsung's new softball-shaped robot Ballie at the CES tech show this week, a company spokesperson told me the personal assistant prototype may one day be able to roll over to me and call 911 if I've fallen down.
在本周的国际消费电子展上，站在三星新款垒球机器人巴利旁边的一位公司发言人告诉我，如果我摔倒了，这款个人助理原型机或许有一天可以滚到我身边，拨打911报警。
My dark-yet-immediate reaction was to wonder whether the newly-announced "artificial humans" from startup Neon a few booths over would be able to do the same.
我当时的第一反应是怀疑刚刚宣布成立的“人造人”公司尼昂是否也能做到这一点。
If no one else was around, could I lean on a somewhat realistic-looking avatar -- one I'd built a relationship, even a friendship, with -- to know when I'm in need of medical assistance?
如果周围没有其他人，我能依靠一个有点现实的化身——一个我已经建立了关系，甚至是友谊的化身——来知道我什么时候需要医疗帮助吗?
It was a bleak realization that so much of the tech I'd seen at the annual electronics expo painted a dystopian picture of life alone.
我在一年一度的电子产品博览会上看到的许多科技产品都描绘了一幅反乌托邦式的孤独生活，我意识到这一点时感到很沮丧。
There was the cute robotic cat that responds to your commands and an even cuter toilet paper robot that delivers you a fresh roll when no one else is around to help.
有一只会对你的指令做出反应的可爱的机器猫，还有一个更可爱的厕纸机器人，当周围没有其他人帮忙时，它会给你送一卷新的卫生纸。
Meanwhile, the Lovot robot exists to give people hugs.
与此同时，勒瓦特机器人的存在是为了给人们拥抱。
Technology has cultivated a reputation of isolation over the years:
多年来，科技造就了孤立的名声。
There's the image of the solitary coder working late in the office, the gamer who's forgotten to get off the couch for 12 straight hours and, more relatably, the millions of people who spend far too much time checking their smartphones rather than being present with those around them.
有孤独的程序员在办公室工作到很晚的画面，有连续12小时忘记从沙发上站起来的游戏玩家，更重要的是，数百万人都花了太多时间查看智能手机，而不是与周围的人在一起。
Some technology has given us a false sense of connection: Social media has encouraged us to hoard friends we'll never really engage with and covet interactions that are largely meaningless in the form of likes.
一些技术给了我们一种虚假的联系感:社交媒体鼓励我们囤积那些我们永远不会真正接触的朋友，并渴望那些基本上毫无意义的“喜欢”互动。
For many, isolation is a real issue.
对很多人来说，疏离才是真正的问题。
According to a 2018 survey by Cigna of 20,000 people ages 18 and older in the US, nearly half said they generally feel alone (46%) and roughly the same percentage said they do not have meaningful in-person social interactions with a friend or family member each day.
信诺保险2018年对美国2万名18岁及以上的人群进行的调查显示，近一半(46%)的人表示他们通常感到孤独，大约相同比例的人表示，他们每天与朋友或家人并没有进行有意义的面对面社交互动。
This reality is why companion technology has taken off as a standalone category, especially among the elderly.
这就是为什么陪伴科技已经成为一个独立的类别，尤其是在老年人中。
The AARP reports social isolation impacts more than 8 million older adults and is associated with medical issues, including depression, earlier onset of dementia and higher blood pressure.
美国退休人员协会报告说，社会隔离影响了800多万老年人，并与抑郁、早发痴呆和高血压等医疗问题有关。
Companion technology ranges from caregiver robots and pets, including these headless cats for people who have allergies or can't fully care for one, to virtual reality getaways.
陪伴技术的范围包括了从看护机器人和宠物，过敏或不能完全照顾自己的人准备的无头猫，一直到虚拟现实旅行。
For example, some senior living communities offer residents European vacations by way of VR headsets, allowing them to visit cities abroad without even standing up.
例如，一些老年社区为居民提供欧洲度假的虚拟现实头盔，让他们甚至不用站着就可以访问国外的城市。
Sometimes friends and family will meet up with them in the virtual world.
有时我们会在虚拟世界中与朋友和家人见面。
Alexandra Hamlet, a clinical psychologist at the Child Mind Institute in New York City who specializes in mood and anxiety disorders, tells me that, from a wellness and psychology perspective, nothing beats what human interaction and connection can provide.
亚历山德拉·哈姆雷特是纽约市儿童心理研究所的临床心理学家，专门研究情绪和焦虑障碍。
"This has been proven biologically from a human perspective over and over," Hamlet said.
哈姆雷特说:“从生物学角度来说，这已经一遍又一遍地从人类的角度得到了证明。”
"Back when there were cavemen, they looked out for each other to survive. That hasn't changed." “当有穴居人的时候开始，他们就得互相照顾以求得生存。这并没有改变。”
She added: "It really only takes one connection to create that feeling of mental health and sanity."
她补充道:“只需要一次联系就能让人产生心理健康和精神健全的感觉。”
Even as technology advances, a major psychological roadblock remains in forging real relationships with robots and digital avatars.
尽管技术在进步，但在与机器人和数字化身建立真正的关系方面，一个主要的心理障碍仍然存在。
For example, there's the phenomenon called the Uncanny Valley, where people are weirded out by things that resemble humans but aren't human (see: mascots, clowns, mannequins).
例如，有一种现象被称为“恐怖谷”，在那里，人们会被一些长得像人但不是人的东西搞得很奇怪(如:福神、小丑、人体模型等)。
"While technology is getting better and looking more human and pet-like, we won't ultimately connect to those things because of the Uncanny Valley," Hamlet said.
哈姆雷特说:“虽然科技变得越来越好，看起来更像人类，更像宠物，但由于'恐怖谷’效应，我们最终无法与这些东西建立联系。”
"We know something is a little bit off, so that true connection can't be made. Until robots become indistinguishable from humans in every manner, including speech, mannerisms and affect, there still won't be a better result than having a human one-on-one connection."
“我们知道总有些东西有点不对劲，所以无法建立真正的联系。除非机器人在说话、举止和情感等各个方面都与人类难以区分，否则还是不会有比与人类一对一交流更好的结果。”
That limitation leaves some of us with two options: setting aside technology more to reinvest in real world options or doubling down on increasingly life-life cutting-edge tech to fill the void.
这种限制让我们中的一些人有两种选择:更多地把技术放在一边，重新投资于现实世界的选择，或者加倍投资于日益增长的仿真尖端技术，以填补空白。
Based on this year's CES, many companies are betting we choose the latter.
基于今年的消费电子展，许多公司打赌我们会选择后者。
问题
文中提到阻碍人与机器建立感情联系的效应叫做什么？
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