python测试开发django-10.django连接mysql
前言
Django 对各种数据库提供了很好的支持,包括:PostgreSQL、MySQL、SQLite、Oracle。本篇以mysql为例简单介绍django连接mysql进行数据操作
Django连mysql需要安装驱动mysqlclient
mysqlclient安装
先要安装数据库驱动mysqlclient,使用pip安装就行
pip install mysqlclient
copying MySQLdb\constants\FLAG.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\MySQLdb\constants copying MySQLdb\constants\REFRESH.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\MySQLdb\constants running build_ext building '_mysql' extension error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools ---------------------------------------- Command "e:\python36\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\dell\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-trc0p4gc\\mysqlclient\\setup.py';
f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record
C:\Users\dell\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-ulwogpct\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1
in C:\Users\dell\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-trc0p4gc\mysqlclient\
这里我安装的时候出现了报错:“Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with “Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools”: http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools” 打开报错给的地址404
解决办法,指定1.3.10版本安装
pip install mysqlclient==1.3.10
C:\Users\dell>pip install mysqlclient==1.3.10 Collecting mysqlclient==1.3.10 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/e0/e38c1fc71355bbc60e89401674bc0190f39a207f0235bb92b7e7b09948d0/mysqlclient-1.3.10-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (1.4MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 466kB/s Installing collected packages: mysqlclient Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.3.10
django配置数据库
settings.py 文件中找到 DATABASES 配置项, django默认连接sqllite。ENGINE:是指连接数据库驱动的名称,有以下几种情况:
django.db.backends.postgresql 连接 PostgreSQL
django.db.backends.mysql 连接 mysql
django.db.backends.sqlite3 连接 sqlite
django.db.backends.oracle 连接 oracle
这里我们连接mysql需要账户密码,也就是之前安装mysql的root用户名,和自己设置的密码,NAME是数据库的名称,连接配置如下:
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # 或者使用 mysql.connector.django 'NAME': 'test', 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'yoyo', 'HOST':'localhost', 'PORT':'3306', } }
创建表,同步到mysql
类名代表了数据库表名,且继承了models.Model,类里面的字段代表数据表中的字段(name),数据类型则由CharField(相当于varchar)、DateField(相当于datetime), max_length 参数限定长度。
# models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Test(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
先创建表结构,在数据库里面新增一些表
python manage.py migrate
D:\web_djo\helloworld>python manage.py migrate Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, hello, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK Applying hello.0001_initial... OK Applying hello.0002_auto_20181122_1025... OK Applying hello.0003_auto_20181122_1033... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
打开数据库,会发现多了一些表名称,hello_test就是上一步新建的表
接着让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更
python manage.py makemigrations hello
D:\web_djo\helloworld>python manage.py makemigrations hello No changes detected in app 'hello'
再创建hello这个app应用的表结构
python manage.py migrate hello
D:\web_djo\helloworld>python manage.py migrate hello Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: hello Running migrations: No migrations to apply.
操作数据库
在settings.py同一目录新建一个testdb.py文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.http import HttpResponse from hello.models import Test # 数据库操作 def testdb(request): test1 = Test(name='yoyo1') test1.save() return HttpResponse("数据库hello_test添加name成功!看去看看吧")
urls.py配置访问地址
from django.conf.urls import url from django.urls import re_path, path from . import view, testdb urlpatterns = [ url(r'^testdb$', testdb.testdb), ]
浏览器打开:http://127.0.0.1:8000/testdb 访问一次,数据库里面就会新增一条数据
查看数据库hello_test会新增数据
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