2021年1月浙江首考英语试卷中的同义转述归纳

2021.1.8 浙江首考英语试卷中的同义转述归纳私家英语资源库 Tom能同义转述是语言灵活运用的一种标志。细心的考生会发现在阅读理解、听力等题目中，出题的老师在设置选项内容的时候，有时并不直接引用原文，而是利用另外的表述来表达同一层含义，或者选项就是转述后表达的答案。为提高对考生能力的考查，达到区分的目的，出题人经常利用转述等方法设置“陷阱”，来增加理解与定位的难度，考察识别的思维能力。经过观察，发现一般同义转述现象在题干中，如关键词被转述替换或被隐藏（隐藏更难识别一些），或出现在选项中，关键词被转述。假如能多积累多运用同义转述，做到马上识别，不仅对于阅读有用，而且对于写作中语言的多样灵活表达，也是很有裨益的。同时，识别转述，运用转述，我们会发现转述的程度是不一样的。这个需要我们根据前后语境准确把握。有专家提出在转述的程度方面可分为：近似复制(Near Copy)、轻度转述(Minimal Revision)、中度转述(Moderate Revision)以及高度转述(Substantial Revision)。涉及学术概念，此处不予解释，有兴趣的老师可以探究一二。此处我们仅利用转述的大概念，不做细分。本次首考听力部分与阅读理解部分出现了较为明显的同义转述，现做一梳理，并附上外刊原文改写真题的过程中的词句改写梳理。仅供参考。至于更多深入研究，后续再做分享。听力部分同义转述对应内容梳理：内容原文选项Text 1谈论昨天活动was stuck in the labworked in the labText 2谈论天气heavy showersRainyText 4电话取消会面won’(t) be able to make-itTo cancel a visit.Text 5接机feel much betterfeel refreshedText 7罗马新政策That’s good. Eating in public is inappropriatereasonableText 7罗马新政策eating in public(c) places.Eating in the street.Text 8劝慰退课学生withdraw from the speech classdrop a classText 8劝慰退课学生feel bad for the speakersympathize with the speakerText 10a fishermana stranger语境详见如下：1. What did the woman do yesterday?A. She played football.B. She watched a game.C. She worked in the lab.(Text 1)M: Did you go to the football game yesterday?W: No, I couldn’t make it. I was stuck in the lab.M: You missed a really good game. Our school team played very well.解析：was stuck in the lab转述为 worked in the lab. 程度有差别，但可以理解。2. What will the weather be like tomorrow evening?A. Cloudy.B. Rainy.C. Windy. (Text 2)W: Did-you hear the weather forecast(t) for tomorrow? Is-it going to be windy?M: No, there will be clouds in the morning, an(d) heavy showers in the afternoon an(d) the evening.解析：heavy showers转述为Rainy.程度有差别，但可以理解。4. Why does the man make the call?A. To arrange a meeting.B. To cancel a visit.C. To ask for assistance. (Text 4)M: Hello, is this Emma? This-is Rober(t) Gellen from Johnson’s Electronics.W: Hello, Rober(t), what can-I do for you?M: It’s this visi(t) by Mr. Johnson. I’m afrai(d) he’s had-an emergency an(d) won’(t) be able to make-it this time. 隐藏的意义转述解析：I’m afrai(d) he’s had-an emergency an(d) won’(t) be able to make-it this time. 言外之意To cancel a visit.5. How does the man feel now?A. Refreshed.B. Anxious.C. Sleepy.(Text 5)M: You’ve been waiting long?W: No, just a few minutes. How was the flight?M: It was fine, thanks. I slept through the whole flight actually and I feel much better.解析：feel much better转述为Refreshed程度有差别，但可以理解。听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。9. What is banned in Florence?A. Eating in the street.B. Dressing up as soldiers.C. Singing on public transport.10. What does George think of the new rules?A. They’re effective.B. They’re timely.C. They’re reasonable.(Text 7)W: Hello, George, I’ve heard that you’re going to Milan for a business trip next week.M: Yes, Susan, I’m also planning a trip to Rome for sightseeing after that.W: Oh, I’m just back from Rome. The city has made some new rules.M: Really? What rules?W: For example, people who dress up as Roman soldiers and charge for photos won’t be allowed near hot tourist spots and street performers can’t sing or play loud music on public transport. Another rule bans tourists from eating in public places.M: That’s good. Eating in public is inappropriate and can lead to littering.W: Rome isn’t the only city to do that. Last year, Florence made a rule saying that tourists could face fines of up to 500 euros if caught eating in the street.M: Wow, that’s big money, but it’s understandable.解析：eating in public places 转述为Eating in the street. 程度有差别，但可以理解。That’s good. Eating in public is inappropriate以及下文的understandable都说明男的态度They’re reasonable.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。12. How would Ms. McDaniel’s students react if a speaker made a mistake?A. Laugh at the speaker.B. Sympathize with the speaker.C. Persuade the speaker to try again.(Text 8)W: Hi, Frank. I heard you were going to withdraw from the speech class. Can you tell me why?M: Well, Ms. McDaniel, I don’t think I can make it. Public speaking scares me. I just can’t get in front of a group and talk.W: What is it that you fear about speaking in front of a group?M: I am afraid I would look silly if I forget a word or say something stupid or if I shake, turn red.W: What would happen if you did one of these things?M: People would laugh at me.W: Well, Frank, your fear is really not based on fact. I once asked my students what they would do if someone in class forgot a word or made a mistake. They said they would feel bad for the speaker for they knew they would be in the speaker’s shoes someday. Does that make you feel better?M: Yeah, I guess.W: I hope you’ll stay in the class, and try a bit more.M: Okay. Thanks, Ms. McDaniel.解析：feel bad for the speaker转述为Sympathize with the speaker.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What did Gallo receive yesterday?A. A call from her sister.B. A bottle from her aunt.C. A letter from a stranger.Yesterday, a teenage girl name(d) Terra Gallo, Cumberland, go(t) some unexpected(d) news/ when she received-a handwritten letter /from a fisherman saying/ tha(t) her message in-a bottle ha(d) been foun(d) in Spain.解析：a handwritten letter /from a fisherman转述为 A letter from a stranger.阅读理解部分同义转述：内容原文选项题干阅读Bfall；declinedecrease阅读Bare pressed for timeLack of time.阅读Cdeliberatelyon purpose.语境详见如下：阅读B原文Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.题目题干与选项：25. What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity? 题干A. Plain laziness.B. Health problems.C. Lack of time. 选项D. Security concerns.解析： 题干中decrease转述原文中的 fall或decline  are pressed for time转述为选项中的Lack of time。