地中海饮食:逃离癌症的“诺亚方舟”?
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2020年全球有1930万人被诊断患有癌症,有1000万人死于癌症,癌症已成为全球第二大死因[1]。日常饮食习惯与癌症的发生和死亡息息相关,连续登上美国最佳饮食排行榜top1的地中海饮食有何特点?与各种癌症又有着怎样的关系呢?
「极养®视界」科普实验室 原创出品
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文章|Lei Mao MS
校稿|Haoran PHD 编审|Xinyin PHD, RD
编辑|Jiaqi Xu BS, RD 设计|Fay
阅读信息 📖
难度:★★★☆☆ 类型:综述 字数:4551
文章纲要
地中海饮食要点回顾
地中海饮食与癌症的关系
- 肺癌
- 结直肠癌
- 胃癌
- 乳腺癌
- 胆道癌
- 胰腺癌
- 前列腺癌
- 女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤
- 膀胱癌
- 头颈部肿瘤
地中海饮食抗癌的机制
极养视点
01
地中海饮食要点回顾
02
地中海饮食与癌症的关系
03
地中海饮食抗癌的机制
地中海饮食中单个食物成分
对癌症预防的作用[42,43]
地中海饮食模式抗癌的可能机制
降脂作用
膳食纤维功不可没|此外,富含全谷物、豆类和干果使得每天每1000kcal的地中海饮食至少可提供14g膳食纤维,随机对照研究的数据表明,大量摄入水溶性纤维(在豆类和水果中含量丰富)具有显著的降胆固醇作用,且饮食中每增加1g水溶性纤维,血浆中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度可降低约1.12mg/L[45,46]。有假设认为,水溶性纤维可减少小肠对胆固醇和胆汁酸的吸收,从而增加肝脏对LDL的摄取[46]。同时,富含膳食纤维的低血糖负荷的食物已被证明可以降低胰岛素的产生,增加纤维在肠道中发酵所产生的短链脂肪酸,而这两者都被证明可以抑制胆固醇的合成[46]。
抗炎、抗氧化和抗凝集效应
调节易致癌的介质(激素或生长因子)
改变氨基酸的含量
改善肠道微生物群
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坚持地中海饮食与降低肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胆道癌、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、头颈部肿瘤和膀胱癌的发病风险均存在一定关联,与降低结直肠癌和未转移的前列腺癌患者的死亡风险也有关;
地中海饮食具有低饱和脂肪和反式脂肪,富含不饱和脂肪、膳食纤维和多种植物化学物的特点,可能通过降脂作用、抗炎和抗氧化作用、调节易致癌介质、减少涉及癌症细胞内传递的途径的刺激、改善肠道微生物群等机制减少多种癌症的发生和减缓癌症的进展。
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