常用SQL语句分享

前言:

日常工作或学习过程中,我们可能会经常用到某些SQL,建议大家多多整理记录下这些常用的SQL,这样后续用到会方便很多。笔者在工作及学习过程中也整理了下个人常用的SQL,现在分享给你!可能有些SQL你还不常用,但还是希望对你有所帮助,说不定某日有需求就可以用到。

注:下文分享的SQL适用于MySQL 5.7 版本,低版本可能稍许不同。有些SQL可能执行需要较高权限。

1.show相关语句

# 查看实例参数 例如:show variables like '%innodb%';show global variables like '%innodb%';# 查看实例状态,例如:show status like 'uptime%';show global status like 'connection%';# 查看数据库链接:show processlist;show full processlist;# 查询某个表的结构:show create table tb_name;# 查询某个表的详细字段信息:show full columns from tb_name;# 查询某个表的全部索引信息:show index from tb_name;# 查询某个库以cd开头的表:show tables like 'cd%';# 查询某个库中的所有视图:show table status where comment='view';# 查询某个用户的权限:show grants for 'test_user'@'%';

2.查看账户相关信息

# 这里先介绍下CONCAT函数:在MySQL中 CONCAT()函数用于将多个字符串连接成一个字符串,利用此函数我们可以将原来一步无法得到的sql拼接出来,后面部分语句有用到该函数。# 当拼接字符串中出现''时 需使用\转义符# 查看所有用户名:SELECT DISTINCTCONCAT('User: \'',user,'\'@\'',host,'\';') AS QUERYFROMmysql.user;# 查看用户详细信息:SELECT user,host,authentication_string,password_expired,password_lifetime,password_last_changed,account_locked FROMmysql.user;

3.KILL数据库链接

# 下面列举SQL只是拼接出kill 链接的语句,若想执行 直接将结果复制执行即可。# 杀掉空闲时间大于2000s的链接:SELECTconcat( 'KILL ', id, ';' ) FROMinformation_schema.`PROCESSLIST` WHERECommand = 'Sleep' AND TIME > 2000;  # 杀掉处于某状态的链接:SELECTconcat( 'KILL ', id, ';' ) FROMinformation_schema.`PROCESSLIST` WHERESTATE LIKE 'Creating sort index';  # 杀掉某个用户的链接:SELECTconcat( 'KILL ', id, ';' ) FROMinformation_schema.`PROCESSLIST` WHEREwhere user='root';

4.拼接创建数据库或用户语句

# 拼接创建数据库语句(排除系统库):SELECTCONCAT('create database ','`',    SCHEMA_NAME,    '`',    ' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ',    DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME,';') AS CreateDatabaseQueryFROMinformation_schema.SCHEMATAWHERESCHEMA_NAME NOT IN ('information_schema','performance_schema','mysql','sys');    # 拼接创建用户语句(排除系统用户):SELECTCONCAT('create user \'',    user,    '\'@\'',    Host,    '\''    ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',    authentication_string,'\';') AS CreateUserQueryFROMmysql.`user`WHERE`User` NOT IN ('root','mysql.session','mysql.sys');# 有密码字符串哦 在其他实例执行 可直接创建出与本实例相同密码的用户。

5.查看库或表大小

# 查看整个实例占用空间大小:SELECTconcat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB,concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB FROMinformation_schema.`TABLES`;  # 查看各个库占用大小:SELECTTABLE_SCHEMA,concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( data_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), ' MB' ) AS data_size,concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( index_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_size FROMinformation_schema.`TABLES`GROUP BYTABLE_SCHEMA;  # 查看单个库占用空间大小:SELECTconcat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB,concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB FROMinformation_schema.`TABLES`WHEREtable_schema = 'test_db';  # 查看单个表占用空间大小:SELECTconcat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB,concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB FROMinformation_schema.`TABLES`WHEREtable_schema = 'test_db' AND table_name = 'tbname';

6.查看表碎片及收缩语句

# 查看某个库下所有表的碎片情况:SELECTt.TABLE_SCHEMA,t.TABLE_NAME,t.TABLE_ROWS,concat( round( t.DATA_LENGTH / 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'M' ) AS size,t.INDEX_LENGTH,concat( round( t.DATA_FREE / 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'M' ) AS datafree FROMinformation_schema.`TABLES` t WHEREt.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test_db' ORDER BYdatafree DESC;  # 收缩表,减少碎片:alter table tb_name engine = innodb;optimize table tb_name;

7.查找无主键表

# 查找某一个库无主键表:SELECTtable_schema,table_nameFROM    information_schema.`TABLES`WHERE    table_schema = 'test_db'AND TABLE_NAME NOT IN (    SELECT        table_name    FROM        information_schema.table_constraints t    JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage k USING (        constraint_name,        table_schema,        table_name    )    WHERE        t.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'    AND t.table_schema = 'test_db');# 查找除系统库外 无主键表:SELECTt1.table_schema,t1.table_nameFROMinformation_schema.`TABLES` t1LEFT OUTER JOIN information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS t2 ON t1.table_schema = t2.TABLE_SCHEMAAND t1.table_name = t2.TABLE_NAMEAND t2.CONSTRAINT_NAME IN ('PRIMARY')WHEREt2.table_name IS NULLAND t1.TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('information_schema','performance_schema','mysql','sys') ;

总结:

希望这些SQL语句能对你有所帮助,可以收藏一下,说不定某次就用到了呢!原创不易,感谢大家支持。

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