围术期针刺的临床作用：文献综述
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Narrative Review of Perioperative Acupuncture for Clinicians
背景与目的
针灸是一种最古老的自然疗法形式。用当前理论（包括中医和西医的观念）来解释针刺后的效应，其准确的作用机制现在尚不清楚。本文的目的是对针灸临床评估及其应用发生在围手术期的常见问题进行简要回顾。
结 果
针灸可以提高围手术期护理的质量和减少相关的并发症。围手术期针灸可以有效的减少术前焦虑，术后恶心、呕吐以及术后疼痛。针刺内关、印堂、神门穴位是现在研究最多并且能有效减少术前焦虑，术后恶心、呕吐，术后疼痛的经历。尽管针刺在临床手术过程中的作用时间段并不确定，但在手术时进行针灸，可能能够减轻患者的免疫抑制和减少麻醉药物的需求。
结 论
围手术期针灸是一种很有前景的的干预措施，但是还需要更多的研究来进一步阐明和明确针灸在整个围手术期处理中的作用并确定其临床有效性。
原始文献摘要
Gliedt JA , Daniels CJ , Wuollet A .Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies 2015 Oct; 8 (5 ):264-9.
Abstract Acupuncture is one of the oldest forms of the natural healing arts. The exact mechanisms of action are unknown at this time; however, current theories to explain the benefits experienced after acupuncture include Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine concepts. Acupuncture may improve the quality of perioperative care and reduce associated complications. Perioperative acupuncture is apparently effective in reducing preoperative anxiety, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative pain. The Pericardium-6 (P-6; Nei Guan), Yintang (Extra 1), and Shenmen acupuncture points are the most studied and effective acupuncture points in reducing preoperative anxiety, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative pain experiences. Intraoperatively administered acupuncture may reduce immunosuppression in patients and lessen intraoperative anesthetic requirements, lthough the clinical usefulness of acupuncture in the intraoperative period remains inconclusive. Perioperative acupuncture is a promising intervention, but additional studies are needed to further understand and define acupuncture’s role throughout the perioperative period and determine its clinical usefulness.The purpose of this article is to provide a brief clinical review concerning acupuncture and its application for common issues that occur in the perioperative period.
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