所有学生留级一年？肯尼亚不开学致青少年怀孕率上升
As Zuleika Yusuf Daffala walks across Kibera, one of the big informal settlements in Kenya's capital, she greets dozens of kids on the streets.
当祖雷卡·于萨夫·达芙拉走过基贝拉(肯尼亚首都的一个大型非正式定居点)时，她在街上问候了几十个孩子。
Some are jumping rope, others chasing each other through the alley and another group is trying to make a tiny cooking pan out of an aluminum can.
一些人在跳绳，另一些人在巷子里互相追逐，还有一群人试图用铝罐做一个小锅子。
Daffala, a 37-year-old community activist, broke the news this week to many of the neighborhood kids that the Kenyan government had decided that the country's more than 12 million grade school students would not be going back to classrooms until January 2021.
现年37岁的社区活动人士达芙拉本周向许多邻近的孩子透露，肯尼亚政府决定，该国1200多万小学学生要到2021年1月才能重返教室。
Not only that, but the government considers the 2020 school year "lost," so all kids will remain in the same grade for another year.
不仅如此，政府还认为2020学年“被取消了”，所以所有的孩子将在同一年级再待一年。
"They are still not believing it," she says.
“他们仍然不敢相信，”她说。
"When you go to school, you have a target. So they have their plans already. They are not taking it easy."
“当你上学时，你就有一个目标。所以他们其实已经有了自己的计划，现在有点不好受。”
She says her son, a junior in high school, is resigned.
她说，她上初中的儿子也休学了。
Like most Kenyans, he doesn't have a tablet or a laptop, so he's trying to keep up with whatever books he can get his hands on.
和大多数肯尼亚人一样，他没有平板电脑或笔记本电脑，所以他会努力阅读他能拿到的任何书籍。
But mostly these days, he's making bracelets with some beads his mother bought him.
但这些日子里，他主要是用妈妈给他买的珠子做手镯来打发时间。
Daffala says her kids are mostly OK.
达芙拉说她的孩子大部分都还好。
But in Kibera, many parents live on the dollar or two they make from whatever work they can find every day.
但在基贝拉，许多父母靠每天能找到的工作挣来的一两美元生活。
So they cannot stay home with their kids.
所以他们不能呆在家里陪孩子。
More and more, she says, she's getting calls from parents in the neighborhood that their teenage daughters are pregnant.
她说，她接到越来越多的邻居父母打来的电话，说他们十几岁的女儿怀孕了。
Kenya has long had one of the highest underage pregnancy rates in the world.
肯尼亚一直是世界上未成年人怀孕率最高的国家之一。
But since early March, counties have reported thousands of cases.
但自3月初以来，各县已经报告了数千起怀孕事件。
Citing an increase in teenage pregnancies, President Uhuru Kenyatta ordered his National Crime Research Center to investigate.
鉴于少女怀孕率的上升，总统乌胡鲁·肯雅塔命令他的国家犯罪研究中心进行调查。
"Life has changed completely," Daffala says.
“她们的人生会完全改变，”达芙拉说。
And chances are that many kids will never go back to school.
很多孩子可能再也回不去学校了。
Kenyan children have been out of school since March.
自3月份以来，肯尼亚的孩子们一直没有上学。
But even as the coronavirus surges in the country, the government opened up hotels and restaurants and, beginning in August, Kenya will open up its international airspace.
但是，即使新冠病毒在肯尼亚肆虐，政府还是开放了酒店和餐馆，并且从8月开始，肯尼亚将开放其国际领空。
So there was hope that children could go back to school in September.
因此，孩子们有望在9月份重返学校。
But on Tuesday, the government said schools are in no position to reopen, because many of them have more than 100 children per class.
但是周二，政府表示，学校无法重新开学，因为很多学校每个班的学生人数都超过了100人。
At the announcement, government officials were flanked by teachers, who agreed with the plan.
宣布这一计划时，政府官员的身边站着的是赞成该计划的教师。
"With children crowding, it will be impossible to think of opening schools," Akello Misori, a leader for a big teachers' union, said.
一个大型教师工会的领导人阿克罗·米森说，“由于孩子们拥挤不堪，学校开学的想法是不可能的。”
But Damaris Parsitau, an education scholar at Kenya's Egerton University, says she is "conflicted" about the government decision.
但肯尼亚埃格顿大学教育学者达马里斯·帕尔西托表示，她对政府的决定感到“矛盾”。
On the one hand, keeping kids out of school for that long will undoubtedly result in learning loss and will further marginalize vulnerable children.
一方面，让孩子长时间不上学无疑会导致学习损失，进一步边缘化弱势儿童。
On the other hand, schools in Kenya are in a "horrible state," she says, and there is no way to guarantee students' safety.
另一方面，肯尼亚的学校处于“可怕的状态”，她说，没有办法保证学生的安全。
"I would rather have children alive at home," she says, "than go to school and risk getting infected and dying and taking it back to their families."
她说:“我宁愿让孩子们在家里，也不愿冒着被感染和死亡的危险去上学，然后把病毒带回家。”
All of this makes her angry, she says, because it points to a government that has failed to build more schools, hire more teachers and prioritize education.
她说，所有这些都让她感到愤怒，因为这表明政府没有建立更多的学校，没有雇佣更多的教师，没有优先考虑教育。
"All this to me goes back to corruption and the fact that the government has never really taken it seriously to invest in educational infrastructure," she says.
她说:“对我来说，这一切都要追溯到腐败问题，以及政府从未真正认真对待投资教育基础设施的事实。”
Back in Kibera, Jackline Bosibori, 17, has been spending almost all her days in a tiny room.
说回到基贝拉，17岁的杰克林·博斯伯里几乎整天都待在一个小房间里。
It has a dirt floor and the walls and roof are made of corrugated metal.
它的地面是泥土的，墙壁和屋顶是由波纹金属制成的。
Bosibori was going to a boarding school but like all Kenyan students, she was sent home in March.
博斯伯里本要去一所寄宿学校上学，但是像所有肯尼亚学生一样，她在3月份被送回了家。
"I was just idling here," she says.
“我在这里闲着没事，”她说。
"I didn't have anything to do. Sometimes, I was just here reading alone. I don't have anyone to be with ... so I decided to just be at my boyfriend's place."
“我没什么可做的。有时候，我只是一个人在这里看书。我也没有人可以陪…所以我决定呆在我男朋友那里。”
In late March, she found out she was pregnant.
3月底，她发现自己怀孕了。
Her boyfriend is 21 and has stopped communicating with her.
她的男朋友今年21岁，已经不再和她联系。
In Kenya, anyone under 18 cannot legally consent, so Bosibori was raped.
在肯尼亚，十八岁以下的性行为是被视为非法的，所以博斯伯里被视为强奸了。
Her mom Annah Nyamoko, 35, can't contain her tears when she talks about her daughter.
她的母亲、35岁的阿纳娜·尼亚莫科谈起女儿时，无法抑制自己的眼泪。
Nyamoko has six other daughters.
尼亚莫科还有另外六个女儿。
She says her husband left her because they never had a son.
她说她丈夫因为她没能生出儿子而离开了她。
She works sifting through trash to find recyclables, earning about $15 a week.
她的工作是在垃圾中筛选可回收物品，每周大约挣15美元。
But somehow she had always cobbled together enough money to pay her 17-year-old's school fees.
但她还是省吃俭用地供17岁的女儿读书。
The dream was that Bosibori would go to college, become a lawyer because she loves a good argument, and then help the family out of poverty.
女儿的梦想是上大学，成为一名律师，因为她喜欢辩论，然后帮助这个家庭摆脱贫困。
"I'm feeling very bad," her mom says. "I don't know what I can do now."
“我感觉很糟糕，”她妈妈说。“我不知道我现在能做什么。”
Bosibori says she wants to give birth and go back to school.
博斯伯里则说她希望把孩子生下来然后重返学校。
"If you don't have [a high school diploma] here in Kenya, there is no work for you," Bosibori says.
“在肯尼亚，如果你没有高中学历的话，就不好找工作，”博斯伯里说道。
But a 2015 survey of out-of-school teenage girls in Kenya found that as few as 10% ever return to school.
但是2015年对肯尼亚失学少女的一项调查发现，只有10%的少女重返学校。
Bosibori doesn't even want to think about that possibility, but huge questions hang over her:
Who will watch her baby if she goes to school?
博斯伯里甚至不想去考虑这种可能性，但她面临着巨大的问题:如果她去上学，谁来照看她的孩子?
Can her mom feed her siblings if she can't work because she has to care for the baby?
如果她的妈妈因为要照顾孩子而不能工作，她能养活她的妹妹们吗?
How does she pay for school fees?
学费怎么办？
Will she be shunned?
人们会怎么看她？
As it is now, she says people on the streets already stigmatize her, telling her she's a disappointment.
她说，现在大街上的人们已经在羞辱她，说她令人失望。
"If I can't go back to school," she says, "I know my life would be miserable."
“如果我不能回到学校，”她说，“我想我的生活将会很悲惨。”
#问题#
文中提到肯尼亚首都是哪座城市？
留言回复正确答案，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！
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