每天跑步15分钟，经济增长一千亿？
If every employee walked or jogged for an extra 15 minutes each day, the world could see an economic boost of $100 billion, according to a new report on the economic benefits of a more physically active population.
如果每名员工每天都额外散步或者慢跑15分钟，全世界的经济将会增长一千亿美元，这是一份针对更积极锻炼身体的人群带来的经济效益的报告显示的。
Those economic gains would come from three mechanisms, researchers explain in the report, which was published this week by RAND Europe and the U.K.-based healthinsurance group Vitality.
这些经济增长可能来自三种机制，研究员们在报告中解释说，这份报告由兰德欧洲和英国健康保险集团活力公司发表。
Regular physical activity is associated with a host of health benefits, including a decreased risk for chronic conditions like high blood pressure and heart disease, as well as mental health gains, such as a decreased risk of anxiety and depression, according to the Mayo Clinic.
据梅奥临床杂志报道，经常性的体育锻炼会带来诸多健康益处，包括慢性疾病的几率降低，如高血压和心脏病，还有心理健康的改善，例如焦虑和抑郁的概率降低。
Overall, those health gains translate into reduced mortality, and the longer people live, the longer they can stay in the workforce, which would grow the overall labor force in addition to economic output.
总体来说，这些健康收益会转换成死亡率的降低，人们寿命的延长，以及人们会在工作岗位上停留的更久的时间，这就可以增加总体的劳动力并增加经济产出。
Better employee health could translate into reduced absenteeism and presenteeism, which is when employees are at work but attempting tasks at less than full strength, both of which drive down productivity.
员工健康的提升会转变为缺席率和假性出席现象的降低，后者指的是员工工作时不愿竭尽全力，这两者都会降低工作效果。
Of the global economic gains detailed in the report, 30% could be attributed to reduced mortality and reduced sickness and absences, while 70% were linked to reduced presenteeism.
根据报告中列出的全球经济收益详情，死亡率和疾病率的降低以及缺勤的减少可以带来30%的增长而另外70%的增长来自于减少的假性出席。
"Despite the documented positive effects of exercise, insufficient physical activity has become more common over the past decades," said Christopher van Stolk, RAND’s executive vice president and coauthor of the report.
“尽管文献记录了锻炼的积极效应，不过在过去几十年里人们锻炼不足的现象却越来越普遍，”克里斯多弗·范·斯托克说道，他是兰德的执行副总裁也是这篇报告的共同作者之一。
At present, 30% of the global population is thought to be physically inactive, and there are 5 million deaths linked to physical inactivity each year.
目前，全球有30%的人口被认为锻炼不足，而每年跟锻炼不足相关的死亡有五百万之多。
"The evidence shows that we can create healthier and more prosperous societies," van Stolk said.
“证据表明我们可以创造一个更为健康和更为繁荣的社会，"范·斯托克说道。
"Creating enduring change in physical activity is hard," he added.
“要在运动锻炼中体现出持久的变化是很难的，”他补充道。
"There are significant barriers to change."
“要改变会面临很多的阻碍。”
As the researchers detail in the report, employers face steep obstacles if they want workers to exercise more.
正如研究员们在报告中指出的那样，老板如果想让员工多锻炼会面临极大的阻碍。
In additional to individual behaviors and attitudes, which can be difficult to alter, structural barriers, like lack of resources, time and access to safe spaces to exercise, all can hinder workers’ efforts to be physically active.
除了个人的行为和态度很难改变之外，一些共有的障碍，如锻炼器材，时间以及地点的缺乏都会导致员工不能积极锻炼。
The RAND/Vitality report comes on the heels of a meta-analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine that found even relatively small doses of exercise, as little as running once a week, could significantly reduce the risk of an early death.
在兰德和活力公司的报告之前还有一篇发表在英国体育医学杂志上的综合分析称，哪怕很少量的运动，比如一周只跑一次，也会明显降低过早死亡的风险。
That improved mortality risk held even though the requisite 50 minutes per week of running falls short of the 150 minutes of exercise per week that the World Health Organization and the Department for Health and Human Services currently recommend.
尽管每周必跑50分钟步比世界健康组织和人类服务部目前建议的每周锻炼150分钟的要求要少，但它也能让已经提高的死亡风险不再上升。
问题
文中提到了哪两种会带来经济效益降低的办公室现象？
留言回复正确答案，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧!
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